In field management of a venomous snakebite, how should the affected limb be positioned?

• A. Keep the limb immobilized and at heart level.
• B. Keep the limb immobilized and raised above heart level.
• C. Massage the bite area to distribute venom.
• D. Apply a tourniquet.

Answer: (A)

When a venomous snakebite occurs, the priority is to slow the spread of venom by limiting movement and carefully positioning the injured limb. Immobilizing the limb with a splint prevents muscle activity from pumping venom through the lymphatic system, which slows absorption and keeps venom concentrated near the bite longer, giving you a better chance to manage the situation and seek care. Keeping the affected limb at heart level helps minimize the rate at which venom reaches the bloodstream compared with higher positions.

Massage the bite area to move venom, or apply a tourniquet, both of which can force venom deeper into tissues, cut off blood flow, and cause tissue damage; these actions are not recommended. Elevating the limb above heart level isn’t as effective as maintaining immobilization with the limb at heart level, and it can complicate circulation and swelling.