Which field frostbite management is correct?

• A. Rub the affected area vigorously to generate heat.
• B. Apply hot water to rewarm as quickly as possible.
• C. Keep frostbitten areas exposed and wait for medical help.
• D. Do not rub; protect from exposure; warm gradually with warm water (not hot); avoid refreezing; do not pop blisters; evac.

Answer: (D)

Field frostbite management aims to minimize tissue damage by preventing further freezing, protecting the area, and rewarming carefully when it’s safe to do so. The best approach is to avoid rubbing the frostbitten tissue, keep the area protected from additional cold and trauma, and rewarm gradually in warm water rather than hot water. Rewarming should be done only if there’s no risk of the tissue freezing again during transport to definitive care. After rewarming, do not pop any blisters and evacuate to medical care as soon as possible. This combination reduces further injury, controls pain, and lowers infection risk, while ensuring the person gets definitive treatment promptly.